{"id":2488,"date":"2017-05-22T19:43:13","date_gmt":"2017-05-22T17:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/?p=2488"},"modified":"2017-05-22T08:12:50","modified_gmt":"2017-05-22T06:12:50","slug":"mailx-gmail-e-certificati-gabriele-merli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2017\/05\/22\/mailx-gmail-e-certificati-gabriele-merli\/","title":{"rendered":"mailx, gmail e certificati \u2013 Gabriele Merli"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gabrielemerli.com\/?p=2476\">mailx, gmail e certificati \u2013 Gabriele Merli<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>Interessante fonte di guide ed informazioni&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Spesso mi capita di dover usare mailx da riga di comando per inviare semplici mail di notifica, generalmente all&#8217;interno di uno script.<\/p>\n<p>Il pacchetto mailx \u00e8 questo (in centos 7)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# yum info mailx&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nInstalled Packages&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nName        : mailx&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nArch        : x86_64&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nVersion     : 12.5&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nRelease     : 12.el7_0&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nSize        : 466 k&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nRepo        : installed&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nFrom repo   : updates&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nSummary     : Enhanced implementation of the mailx command&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nURL         : http:\/\/heirloom.sourceforge.net\/mailx.html&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nLicense     : BSD with advertising and MPLv1.1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nDescription : Mailx is an enhanced mail command, which provides the functionality&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : of the POSIX mailx command, as well as SysV mail and Berkeley Mail&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : (from which it is derived).&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            :&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : Additionally to the POSIX features, mailx can work with Maildir\/ e-mail&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : storage format (as well as mailboxes), supports IMAP, POP3 and SMTP&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : protocols (including over SSL) to operate with remote hosts, handles mime&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : types and different charsets. There are a lot of other useful features,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : see mailx(1).&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            :&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : And as its ancient analogues, mailx can be used as a mail script language,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : both for sending and receiving mail.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            :&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : Besides the &#8220;mailx&#8221; command, this package provides &#8220;mail&#8221; and &#8220;Mail&#8221;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : (which should be compatible with its predecessors from the mailx-8.x source),&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : as well as &#8220;nail&#8221; (the initial name of this project).<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-10\">10<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-11\">11<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-12\">12<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-13\">13<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-14\">14<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-15\">15<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-16\">16<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-17\">17<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-18\">18<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-19\">19<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-20\">20<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-21\">21<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-22\">22<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-23\">23<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-24\">24<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-25\">25<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-26\">26<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-27\">27<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-28\">28<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># yum info mailx<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Installed <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Packages<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Name<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Arch<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">x86_64<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Version<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">12.5<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Release<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">12.el7_0<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Size<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">466<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">k<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Repo<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">installed<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">From <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">repo<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">updates<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Summary<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Enhanced <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">implementation <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-11\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">URL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">http<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">heirloom<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.sourceforge<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.net<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.html<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-12\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">License<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">BSD <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">advertising <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">MPLv1<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-13\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Description<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">Mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">an <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">enhanced <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">mail <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">which <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">provides <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">functionality<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-14\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">POSIX <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">well <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">SysV <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">mail <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Berkeley <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Mail<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-15\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">from <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">which <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">it <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">derived<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-16\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-17\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Additionally <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">POSIX <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">features<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">can <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">work <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Maildir<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">e<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">mail<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-18\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">storage <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">format<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">well <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">mailboxes<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">supports <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">IMAP<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">POP3 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">SMTP<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-19\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">protocols<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">including <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">over <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">operate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">remote <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">hosts<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">handles <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">mime<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-20\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">types <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">different <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">charsets<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">There <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">are<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">lot <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">other <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">useful <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">features<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-21\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">see <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-22\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-23\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">And<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">its <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">ancient <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">analogues<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">can <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">used <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">mail <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">script <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">language<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-24\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">both <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">for<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">sending <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">receiving <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">mail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-25\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-26\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Besides <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">the<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;mailx&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">this<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-t\">package<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">provides<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;mail&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Mail&#8221;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-27\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">which <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">should <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">compatible <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">its <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">predecessors <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">from <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">8.x<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">source<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-28\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">well <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;nail&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">initial <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">name <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">this<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">project<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Utilizzando un mail server tipo postfix dall&#8217;interno di una rete in cui permetto il relay, per mandare un mail basta il comando:<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b897659638454\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# mailx -v -s &#8220;Subject&#8221; -S smtp=smtp:\/\/mailserver.dominio.it -S from=&#8221;me@server(Gabriele Merli)&#8221; destination.mail@dominio.it<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b897659638454-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b897659638454-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># mailx -v -s &#8220;Subject&#8221; -S smtp=smtp:\/\/mailserver.dominio.it -S from=&#8221;me@server(Gabriele Merli)&#8221; destination.mail@dominio.it<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Il soggetto sar\u00e0 &#8220;Subject&#8221;, il server di posta utilizzato sar\u00e0 mailserver.dominio.it, il mail del mittente \u00e8 me@server con nome Gabriele Merli e il destinatario sar\u00e0 destination.mail@dominio.it<\/p>\n<p>Poi scrivo il testo, termino con un . e la mail viene inviata.<\/p>\n<p>All&#8217;interno di uno script con body precompilato basta una cosa del tipo<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8a7208645628\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# echo &#8220;ciao&#8221; | mailx -v -s &#8220;Subject&#8221; -S smtp=smtp:\/\/mailserver.dominio.it -S from=&#8221;me@server(Gabriele Merli)&#8221; destination.mail@dominio.it<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8a7208645628-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8a7208645628-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-p\"># echo &#8220;ciao&#8221; | mailx -v -s &#8220;Subject&#8221; -S smtp=smtp:\/\/mailserver.dominio.it -S from=&#8221;me@server(Gabriele Merli)&#8221; destination.mail@dominio.it<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>ed il testo del messaggio sar\u00e0 &#8220;ciao&#8221;.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Volendo usare GMAIL per inviare la stessa semplicissima mail la questione si complica leggermente.<\/p>\n<p>Il comando da dare \u00e8 questo:<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8b1634517013\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">echo &#8220;Un caro saluto&#8221; | mailx -v -s &#8220;Ciao Gabriele&#8221; -S smtp-auth=login -S smtp=smtps:\/\/smtp.gmail.com:465 -S from=&#8221;utente@gmail.com(Gabriele Merli &#8211; gmail)&#8221; -S smtp-auth-user=utente@gmail.com -S smtp-auth-password=lapassword -S ssl-verify=ignore -S nss-config-dir=~\/certs2\/ destination.mail@dominio.it<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8b1634517013-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8b1634517013-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-r\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Un caro saluto&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">v<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">s<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Ciao Gabriele&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">login<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtps<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">465<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">from<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;utente@gmail.com(Gabriele Merli &#8211; gmail)&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">user<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">utente<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">@<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">password<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">lapassword<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">ssl<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">verify<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">ignore<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">config<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">dir<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">~<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certs2<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">destination<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.mail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">@<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">dominio<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.it<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>I parametri in pi\u00f9 servono per effettuare l&#8217;autenticazione in fase di invio via smtp e per connettersi al server via ssl.<\/p>\n<p>Questa la man page di mailx riguardo ai parametri sopra indicati<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">ssl-verify&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              Sets  the  action to be performed if an error occurs during SSL\/TLS server certificate validation.  Valid values are `strict&#8217; (fail and&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              close connection immediately), `ask&#8217; (ask whether to continue on standard input), `warn&#8217; (print a warning and continue),  `ignore&#8217;  (do&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              not perform validation).  The default is `ask&#8217;.<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-4\">4<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">ssl<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Sets\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">action <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">performed <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">an <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">error <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">occurs <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">during <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">TLS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">validation<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Valid <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">values <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">are<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">strict<\/span>&#8216; <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">fail <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">close <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">connection <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">immediately<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">ask<\/span><span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8216; (ask whether to continue on standard input), `warn&#8217;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">print<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">warning <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">continue<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">ignore<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">do<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">not<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">perform <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">validation<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">The <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">default<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">ask<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nel mio caso ignoro gli errori di validazione del certificato ssl\/tls (vedremo poi in seguito)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">smtp-auth&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              Sets the SMTP authentication method.  If set to `login&#8217;, or if unset and smtp-auth-user is set, AUTH LOGIN is used.  If set  to  `cram-&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              md5&#8242;, AUTH CRAM-MD5 is used; if set to `plain&#8217;, AUTH PLAIN is used.  Otherwise, no SMTP authentication is performed.<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-3\">3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">auth<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Sets <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">SMTP <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">authentication <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">method<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">If<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">set <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">login<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">or<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">unset <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">user <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">set<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">AUTH <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">LOGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">used<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">If<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">set\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">cram<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">md5<\/span><span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8216;, AUTH CRAM-MD5 is used; if set to `plain&#8217;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">AUTH <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">PLAIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">used<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Otherwise<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">no <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">SMTP <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">authentication <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">performed<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>L&#8217;autenticazione avviene tramite AUTH LOGIN passando poi username (generalmente l&#8217;indirizzo email @ gmail.com) e la password<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">      nss-config-dir&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              A directory that contains the files certN.db to retrieve certificates, keyN.db to retrieve private keys, and secmod.db, where N  is  a  digit.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              These  are  usually  taken  from  Mozilla installations, so an appropriate value might be `~\/.mozilla\/firefox\/default.clm&#8217;.  Mailx opens these&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              files read-only and does not modify them.  However, if the files are modified by Mozilla while mailx is running, it will print  a  `Bad  data\u00e2[m&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              base&#8217;  message.   It  may be necessary to create copies of these files that are exclusively used by mailx then.  Only applicable if S\/MIME and&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              SSL\/TLS support is built using Network Security Services (NSS).<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-6\">6<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">config<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">dir<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">A<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">directory <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">that <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">contains <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">files <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.db<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">retrieve <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certificates<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">keyN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.db<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">retrieve <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">private <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">keys<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">secmod<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.db<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">where<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">N<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">digit<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">These\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">are\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">usually\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">taken\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">from\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mozilla <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">installations<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">so <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">an <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">appropriate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">value <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">might <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">be<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">~<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.mozilla<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">firefox<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">default<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.clm<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">Mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">opens <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">these<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">files <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">read<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">only <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">does <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">not<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">modify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">them<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">However<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">files <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">are <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">modified <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">by <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mozilla <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">while<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">running<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">it <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">will <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">print<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Bad\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">data<\/span>\u00e2<span class=\"crayon-sy\">[<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">m<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">base<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">message<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">It\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">may <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">necessary <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">create <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">copies <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">these <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">files <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">that <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">are <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">exclusively <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">used <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">by <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">then<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Only <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">applicable <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">S<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">MIME <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">TLS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">support <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">built <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">using <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Network <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Security <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Services<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">NSS<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La directory dove andiamo a memorizzare i certificati (vedremo poi in seguito), nel mio caso ~\/certs<\/p>\n<p>Volendo mandare mail utilizzando starttls e la porta 587 (quindi\u00a0 primo collegamento in chiaro e poi si effettua la cifratura), il comando da dare \u00e8 molto simile a quello visto precedentemente<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8dc672635568\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">echo &#8220;Un caro saluto&#8221; | mailx -v -s &#8220;Ciao Gabriele&#8221; -S smtp-use-starttls -S smtp-auth=login -S smtp=smtp:\/\/smtp.gmail.com:587 -S from=&#8221;utente@gmail.com(Gabriele Merli &#8211; gmail)&#8221; -S smtp-auth-user=utente@gmail.com -S smtp-auth-password=lapassword -S ssl-verify=ignore -S nss-config-dir=~\/certs2\/ destination.mail@dominio.it<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8dc672635568-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8dc672635568-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-i\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Un caro saluto&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">v<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">s<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Ciao Gabriele&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">use<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">starttls<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">login<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\">\/\/smtp.gmail.com:587 -S from=&#8221;utente@gmail.com(Gabriele Merli &#8211; gmail)&#8221; -S smtp-auth-user=utente@gmail.com -S smtp-auth-password=lapassword -S ssl-verify=ignore -S nss-config-dir=~\/certs2\/ destination.mail@dominio.it<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In pi\u00f9 abbiamo messo l&#8217;opzione<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">smtp-use-starttls&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              Causes mailx to issue a STARTTLS command to make an SMTP session SSL\/TLS encrypted.  Not all servers support this command; because  of  common&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              implementation defects, it cannot be automatically determined whether a server supports it or not<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-3\">3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">use<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">starttls<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Causes <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">issue<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">STARTTLS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">make<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">an <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">SMTP <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">session <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">TLS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">encrypted<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">Not<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">all <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">servers <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">support <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">this<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">because\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">common<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">implementation <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">defects<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">it <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">cannot <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">automatically <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">determined <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">whether<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">supports <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">it <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">or<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">not<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>che da il comando STARTTLS.<\/p>\n<p>Ho cambiato la porta di comunicazione(587) e il protocollo (da smtps a\u00a0 smtp)<\/p>\n<p>Se non si specifica una directory in cui sono contenuti i certificati\/chiavi nel formato nss (-S nss-config-dir=~\/certs\/) l&#8217;errore sar\u00e0<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">220 2.0.0 Ready to start TLS&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nMissing &#8220;nss-config-dir&#8221; variable.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8220;\/home\/merli\/dead.letter&#8221; 11\/354<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-3\">3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">220<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">2.0.0<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Ready <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">start <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">TLS<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-i\">Missing<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;nss-config-dir&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">variable<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;\/home\/merli\/dead.letter&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">11<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">354<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>e l&#8217;email non verr\u00e0 mandata.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Vediamo ora come crearsi una directory con i certificati che servono per inviare le mail con gmail.<\/p>\n<p>Vado a utilizzare\u00a0 il tool &#8220;certutil&#8221;<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# which certutil&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n\/bin\/certutil&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n]# rpm -qf \/bin\/certutil&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nnss-tools-3.19.1-3.el7_1.x86_64&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n]# yum info nss-tools&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nInstalled Packages&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nName        : nss-tools&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nArch        : x86_64&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nVersion     : 3.19.1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nRelease     : 3.el7_1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nSize        : 1.8 M&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nRepo        : installed&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nFrom repo   : updates&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nSummary     : Tools for the Network Security Services&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nURL         : http:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/projects\/security\/pki\/nss\/&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nLicense     : MPLv2.0&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nDescription : Network Security Services (NSS) is a set of libraries designed to&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : support cross-platform development of security-enabled client and&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : server applications. Applications built with NSS can support SSL&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : v2 and v3, TLS, PKCS #5, PKCS #7, PKCS #11, PKCS #12, S\/MIME,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : X.509 v3 certificates, and other security standards.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            :&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : Install the nss-tools package if you need command-line tools to&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : manipulate the NSS certificate and key database.<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-10\">10<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-11\">11<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-12\">12<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-13\">13<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-14\">14<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-15\">15<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-16\">16<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-17\">17<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-18\">18<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-19\">19<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-20\">20<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-21\">21<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-22\">22<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-23\">23<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-24\">24<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># which certutil<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">bin<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">certutil<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># rpm -qf \/bin\/certutil <\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">tools<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">3.19.1<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">3.el7_1.x86_64<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># yum info nss-tools<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Installed <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Packages<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Name<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">tools<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Arch<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">x86_64<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Version<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">3.19.1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Release<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">3.el7_1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-11\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Size<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">1.8<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">M<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-12\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Repo<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">installed<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-13\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">From <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">repo<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">updates<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-14\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Summary<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Tools <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">for<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Network <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Security <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Services<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-15\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">URL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">http<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">www<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.mozilla<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.org<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">projects<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">security<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">pki<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-16\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">License<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">MPLv2<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">0<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-17\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Description<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Network <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Security <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Services<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">NSS<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">set <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">libraries <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">designed <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-18\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">support <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">cross<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">platform <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">development <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">security<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">enabled <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">client <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-19\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">applications<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Applications <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">built <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">NSS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">can <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">support <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-20\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">v2 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">v3<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">TLS<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">PKCS<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-c\">#5, PKCS #7, PKCS #11, PKCS #12, S\/MIME,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-21\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">X<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">509<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">v3 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certificates<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">other <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">security <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">standards<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-22\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-23\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Install <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">tools <\/span><span class=\"crayon-t\">package<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">you <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">need <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">line <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">tools <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-24\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">manipulate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">NSS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">key <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">database<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La configurazione di base che possiamo fare \u00e8 estremamente semplice. Basta infatti creare una directory (nel mio caso ~\/certs)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b901801787638\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">utente@client ]# mkdir certs<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b901801787638-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b901801787638-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">utente<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">@<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">client<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># mkdir certs<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>e poi lanciare certutil per creare all&#8217;interno della directory i\u00a0 database con i certificati e le chiavi (non mettendo password)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b90f218595797\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">utente@client: ]# certutil -N -d certs\/<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b90f218595797-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b90f218595797-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">utente<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">@<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">client<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -N -d certs\/<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>-N nuova<br \/>\n-d il nome della directory in cui creare il db<\/p>\n<p>All&#8217;interno di certs poi mi trover\u00f2 3 file .db (certX.db, keyX.db e secmod.db) che conterranno i vari certificati\/chiavi che posso importare.<\/p>\n<p>Visto che, quando mandiamo la mail via gmail e mailx, specifichiamo il parametro<\/p>\n<p>-S ssl-verify=ignore<\/p>\n<p>che di fatto ignora ogni possibile verifica del certificato, questo \u00e8 tutto quello che dobbiamo fare.<\/p>\n<p>In fase di invio ci sar\u00e0 un warning di questo tipo<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">Error in certificate: Peer&#8217;s certificate issuer is not recognized.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nComparing DNS name: &#8220;smtp.gmail.com&#8221;<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894-2\">2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Error <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">in<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">certificate<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">Peer<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-i\">s<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">issuer <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">not<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">recognized<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Comparing <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">DNS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">name<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;smtp.gmail.com&#8221;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>ma la mail verr\u00e0 comunque inviata. Chiaramente se avessi scritto -S ssl-verify=strict questo sarebbe stato un errore che avrebbe fermato la procedura.<\/p>\n<p>Se si vuole evitare di crearsi una cartella (certs) con all&#8217;interno i vari database sostanzialmente vuoti, \u00e8 possibile riciclare quella che gi\u00e0 esiste sul sistema se si sta usando firefox.<br \/>\nAll&#8217;interno della cartella<\/p>\n<p>~\/.mozilla\/firefox\/XXXprofile_numberXXXX.default\/<\/p>\n<p>ci sono gli stessi identici 3 file di cui sopra (certX.db, keyX.db e secmod.db) che gi\u00e0 contengono tutti i certificati dei server che abbiamo accettato durante la navigazione in internet con firefox.<\/p>\n<p>Baster\u00e0 quindi specificare in mailx il parametro<\/p>\n<p>-S nss-config-dir=~\/.mozilla\/firefox\/XXXprofile_numberXXXX.default\/<\/p>\n<p>(dove XXXprofile_numberXXXX \u00e8 il nome della cartella contenente il nostro profilo).<\/p>\n<p>Nota che mi sembra di aver capito che i certificati delle CA sono hard-coded all&#8217;interno dell&#8217;eseguibile di firefox e i certificati che vengno aggiunti in questi file .db sono solo quelli accettati dall&#8217;utente.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Ora la parte interessante.\u00a0 Come posso far sparire il warning<br \/>\n&#8220;Error in certificate: Peer&#8217;s certificate issuer is not recognized.&#8221; e potenzialmente effetture la verifica &#8220;strict&#8221; del certificato di gmail?<\/p>\n<p>Presumo di aver gi\u00e0 creato la directory certs nella home e di aver dato il comando di certutil per creare i 3 file di database (sostanzialmente vuoti) al suo interno.<\/p>\n<p>Ora con il client openssl vado a interrogare smtp.gmail.com per vedere che certificati vengono utilizzati<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# openssl s_client -connect smtp.gmail.com:465&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nCONNECTED(00000003)&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\ndepth=3 C = US, O = Equifax, OU = Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nverify return:1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\ndepth=2 C = US, O = GeoTrust Inc., CN = GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nverify return:1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\ndepth=1 C = US, O = Google Inc, CN = Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nverify return:1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\ndepth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = Mountain View, O = Google Inc, CN = smtp.gmail.com&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nverify return:1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nCertificate chain&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n 0 s:\/C=US\/ST=California\/L=Mountain View\/O=Google Inc\/CN=smtp.gmail.com&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n 1 s:\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=GeoTrust Inc.\/CN=GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n 2 s:\/C=US\/O=GeoTrust Inc.\/CN=GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=Equifax\/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nServer certificate&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nsubject=\/C=US\/ST=California\/L=Mountain View\/O=Google Inc\/CN=smtp.gmail.com&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nissuer=\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-10\">10<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-11\">11<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-12\">12<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-13\">13<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-14\">14<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-15\">15<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-16\">16<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-17\">17<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-18\">18<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-19\">19<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-20\">20<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-21\">21<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-22\">22<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-23\">23<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-24\">24<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-25\">25<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># openssl s_client -connect smtp.gmail.com:465<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">CONNECTED<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">00000003<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">depth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">3<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">Equifax<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">OU<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Equifax <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Secure <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">return<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">depth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">2<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">return<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">depth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">return<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">depth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">0<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">ST<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">California<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">L<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Mountain <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">View<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">return<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-11\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-12\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">chain<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-13\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">0<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">ST<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">California<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">L<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mountain <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">View<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-14\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-15\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-16\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-17\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">2<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-18\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Equifax<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">OU<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Equifax <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Secure <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Authority<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-19\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-20\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certificate<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-21\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">BEGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-22\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-23\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">END<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-24\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">subject<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">ST<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">California<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">L<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mountain <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">View<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-25\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">issuer<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tra le rige\u00a0 &#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211; e &#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211; mi trov\u00f2 il certificato del server. Questo \u00e8 firmato (Issuer) da &#8220;Google Internet Authority&#8221; il quale \u00e8 firmato da &#8220;GeoTrust Global&#8221; il quale \u00e8 firmato dalla root CA &#8220;Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&#8221;. Questi 3 certificati formano la chain che permette al client (conoscendo la CA) di essere sicuro di star parlando proprio con gmail.<\/p>\n<p>Dando lo stesso comando di cui sopra, ma specificando anche -showcerts potr\u00f2 vedere tutti e 3 i certificati della chain<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\">\n<p><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt;&#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nCertificate chain&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt; 0 s:\/C=US\/ST=California\/L=Mountain View\/O=Google Inc\/CN=smtp.gmail.com&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt; 1 s:\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=GeoTrust Inc.\/CN=GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt; 2 s:\/C=US\/O=GeoTrust Inc.\/CN=GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=Equifax\/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;<\/textarea><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-10\">10<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-11\">11<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-12\">12<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-13\">13<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-14\">14<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-15\">15<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-16\">16<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-17\">17<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-18\">18<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-19\">19<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-20\">20<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-21\">21<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-22\">22<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">chain<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">0<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">ST<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">California<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">L<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mountain <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">View<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">BEGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">END<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-11\" class=\"crayon-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-12\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-13\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-14\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">BEGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-15\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-16\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">END<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-17\" class=\"crayon-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-18\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">2<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-19\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Equifax<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">OU<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Equifax <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Secure <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Authority<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-20\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">BEGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-21\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-22\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">END<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ora prendo ciascuna riga compresa tra &#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211; e &#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211; (comprese) e creo 3 file (chiamti come voglio, nel mio caso google, geotrust e equifax) contenenti i 3 certificati.<\/p>\n<p>Vado ora ad aggiungere al mio db i 3 certificati appena salvati<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# certutil -A -n &#8220;GeoTrust Global CA&#8221; -t &#8220;TC,,&#8221; -d certs -i geotrust&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n]# certutil -A -n &#8220;Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&#8221; -t &#8220;TCP,,&#8221; -d certs -i equifax&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n]# certutil -A -n &#8220;Google Internet Authority&#8221; -t &#8220;TC,,&#8221; -d certs -i google<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-3\">3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -A -n &#8220;GeoTrust Global CA&#8221; -t &#8220;TC,,&#8221; -d certs -i geotrust<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -A -n &#8220;Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&#8221; -t &#8220;TCP,,&#8221; -d certs -i equifax <\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -A -n &#8220;Google Internet Authority&#8221; -t &#8220;TC,,&#8221; -d certs -i google<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>-A aggiunge<br \/>\n-n \u00e8 il nickname del certificato che gli asssegno nel db (nel mio caso ho copiato il CN)<br \/>\n-t \u00e8 la tipologia di certificato (non ho pienamente compreso cosa sia)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">           \u00b7   p &#8211; Valid peer&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   P &#8211; Trusted peer (implies p)&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   c &#8211; Valid CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   T &#8211; Trusted CA (implies c)&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   C &#8211; trusted CA for client authentication (ssl server only)&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   u &#8211; user<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-6\">6<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">p<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Valid <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">peer<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">P<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Trusted <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">peer<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">implies<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">p<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">c<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Valid <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">T<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Trusted <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">CA<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">implies<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">c<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">trusted <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">CA <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">for<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">client <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">authentication<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">ssl <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">only<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">u<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">user<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>-d certs la directory che contiene i file del database<br \/>\n-i nome_file il nome del file contenente il certificato<\/p>\n<p>Verifico di aver importato correttamente i 3 certificati dando il comando<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\">\n<p><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# certutil -L -d certs&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt;Certificate Nickname                                         Trust Attributes&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n                                                             SSL,S\/MIME,JAR\/XPI&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt;GeoTrust Global CA                                           CT,,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nGoogle Internet Authority                                    CT,,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nEquifax Secure Certificate Authority                         CT,,<\/textarea><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-8\">8<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -L -d certs<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Nickname\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Trust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Attributes<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">S<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">MIME<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">JAR<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">XPI<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">CA\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CT<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CT<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Equifax <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Secure <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CT<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>per curiosit\u00e0 lo stesso comando lo puoi dare sulla directory di mozilla e verificare che i certificati che vedi sono gli stessi che trovi nelle Preferences\/Advanced\/Certificates\/View Certificates\/Servers<\/p>\n<p>Ora quindi nel mio db ho i 3 certificati della chain di gmail. Riprovo a dare il comando di mailx per inviare le mail e, effettivamente, il warning &#8220;Error in certificate: Peer&#8217;s certificate issuer is not recognized.&#8221; \u00e8 sparito.<\/p>\n<p>Purtroppo per\u00f2 ci\u00f2 non vuol dire che io possa mettere &#8220;-S ssl-verify=strict&#8221; in quanto, se lo faccio, la procedura si blocca comunque dando il messaggio:<br \/>\nComparing DNS name: &#8220;smtp.gmail.com&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Peraltro sto usando i certificati in modo improprio, prendendo per buoni quelli che mi fornisce gmail e non andando a verificare per davvero quello della CA che avrei dovuto scaricare da altre fonti.<\/p>\n<p>Spesso mi capita di dover usare mailx da riga di comando per inviare semplici mail di notifica, generalmente all&#8217;interno di uno script.<\/p>\n<p>Il pacchetto mailx \u00e8 questo (in centos 7)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# yum info mailx&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nInstalled Packages&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nName        : mailx&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nArch        : x86_64&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nVersion     : 12.5&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nRelease     : 12.el7_0&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nSize        : 466 k&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nRepo        : installed&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nFrom repo   : updates&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nSummary     : Enhanced implementation of the mailx command&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nURL         : http:\/\/heirloom.sourceforge.net\/mailx.html&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nLicense     : BSD with advertising and MPLv1.1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nDescription : Mailx is an enhanced mail command, which provides the functionality&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : of the POSIX mailx command, as well as SysV mail and Berkeley Mail&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : (from which it is derived).&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            :&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : Additionally to the POSIX features, mailx can work with Maildir\/ e-mail&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : storage format (as well as mailboxes), supports IMAP, POP3 and SMTP&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : protocols (including over SSL) to operate with remote hosts, handles mime&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : types and different charsets. There are a lot of other useful features,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : see mailx(1).&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            :&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : And as its ancient analogues, mailx can be used as a mail script language,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : both for sending and receiving mail.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            :&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : Besides the &#8220;mailx&#8221; command, this package provides &#8220;mail&#8221; and &#8220;Mail&#8221;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : (which should be compatible with its predecessors from the mailx-8.x source),&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : as well as &#8220;nail&#8221; (the initial name of this project).<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-10\">10<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-11\">11<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-12\">12<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-13\">13<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-14\">14<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-15\">15<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-16\">16<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-17\">17<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-18\">18<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-19\">19<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-20\">20<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-21\">21<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-22\">22<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-23\">23<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-24\">24<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-25\">25<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-26\">26<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-27\">27<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-28\">28<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># yum info mailx<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Installed <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Packages<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Name<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Arch<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">x86_64<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Version<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">12.5<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Release<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">12.el7_0<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Size<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">466<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">k<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Repo<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">installed<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">From <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">repo<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">updates<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Summary<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Enhanced <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">implementation <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-11\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">URL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">http<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">heirloom<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.sourceforge<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.net<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.html<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-12\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">License<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">BSD <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">advertising <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">MPLv1<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-13\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Description<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">Mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">an <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">enhanced <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">mail <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">which <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">provides <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">functionality<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-14\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">POSIX <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">well <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">SysV <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">mail <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Berkeley <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Mail<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-15\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">from <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">which <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">it <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">derived<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-16\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-17\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Additionally <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">POSIX <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">features<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">can <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">work <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Maildir<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">e<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">mail<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-18\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">storage <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">format<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">well <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">mailboxes<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">supports <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">IMAP<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">POP3 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">SMTP<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-19\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">protocols<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">including <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">over <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">operate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">remote <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">hosts<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">handles <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">mime<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-20\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">types <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">different <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">charsets<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">There <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">are<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">lot <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">other <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">useful <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">features<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-21\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">see <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-22\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-23\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">And<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">its <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">ancient <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">analogues<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">can <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">used <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">mail <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">script <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">language<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-24\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">both <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">for<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">sending <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">receiving <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">mail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-25\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-26\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Besides <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">the<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;mailx&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">this<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-t\">package<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">provides<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;mail&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Mail&#8221;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-27\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">which <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">should <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">compatible <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">its <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">predecessors <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">from <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">8.x<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">source<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b880291124942-28\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">well <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">as<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;nail&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">initial <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">name <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">this<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">project<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Utilizzando un mail server tipo postfix dall&#8217;interno di una rete in cui permetto il relay, per mandare un mail basta il comando:<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b897659638454\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# mailx -v -s &#8220;Subject&#8221; -S smtp=smtp:\/\/mailserver.dominio.it -S from=&#8221;me@server(Gabriele Merli)&#8221; destination.mail@dominio.it<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b897659638454-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b897659638454-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># mailx -v -s &#8220;Subject&#8221; -S smtp=smtp:\/\/mailserver.dominio.it -S from=&#8221;me@server(Gabriele Merli)&#8221; destination.mail@dominio.it<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Il soggetto sar\u00e0 &#8220;Subject&#8221;, il server di posta utilizzato sar\u00e0 mailserver.dominio.it, il mail del mittente \u00e8 me@server con nome Gabriele Merli e il destinatario sar\u00e0 destination.mail@dominio.it<\/p>\n<p>Poi scrivo il testo, termino con un . e la mail viene inviata.<\/p>\n<p>All&#8217;interno di uno script con body precompilato basta una cosa del tipo<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8a7208645628\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# echo &#8220;ciao&#8221; | mailx -v -s &#8220;Subject&#8221; -S smtp=smtp:\/\/mailserver.dominio.it -S from=&#8221;me@server(Gabriele Merli)&#8221; destination.mail@dominio.it<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8a7208645628-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8a7208645628-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-p\"># echo &#8220;ciao&#8221; | mailx -v -s &#8220;Subject&#8221; -S smtp=smtp:\/\/mailserver.dominio.it -S from=&#8221;me@server(Gabriele Merli)&#8221; destination.mail@dominio.it<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>ed il testo del messaggio sar\u00e0 &#8220;ciao&#8221;.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Volendo usare GMAIL per inviare la stessa semplicissima mail la questione si complica leggermente.<\/p>\n<p>Il comando da dare \u00e8 questo:<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8b1634517013\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">echo &#8220;Un caro saluto&#8221; | mailx -v -s &#8220;Ciao Gabriele&#8221; -S smtp-auth=login -S smtp=smtps:\/\/smtp.gmail.com:465 -S from=&#8221;utente@gmail.com(Gabriele Merli &#8211; gmail)&#8221; -S smtp-auth-user=utente@gmail.com -S smtp-auth-password=lapassword -S ssl-verify=ignore -S nss-config-dir=~\/certs2\/ destination.mail@dominio.it<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8b1634517013-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8b1634517013-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-r\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Un caro saluto&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">v<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">s<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Ciao Gabriele&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">login<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtps<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">465<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">from<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;utente@gmail.com(Gabriele Merli &#8211; gmail)&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">user<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">utente<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">@<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">password<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">lapassword<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">ssl<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">verify<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">ignore<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">config<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">dir<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">~<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certs2<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">destination<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.mail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">@<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">dominio<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.it<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>I parametri in pi\u00f9 servono per effettuare l&#8217;autenticazione in fase di invio via smtp e per connettersi al server via ssl.<\/p>\n<p>Questa la man page di mailx riguardo ai parametri sopra indicati<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">ssl-verify&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              Sets  the  action to be performed if an error occurs during SSL\/TLS server certificate validation.  Valid values are `strict&#8217; (fail and&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              close connection immediately), `ask&#8217; (ask whether to continue on standard input), `warn&#8217; (print a warning and continue),  `ignore&#8217;  (do&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              not perform validation).  The default is `ask&#8217;.<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-4\">4<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">ssl<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Sets\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">action <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">performed <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">an <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">error <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">occurs <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">during <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">TLS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">validation<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Valid <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">values <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">are<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">strict<\/span>&#8216; <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">fail <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">close <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">connection <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">immediately<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">ask<\/span><span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8216; (ask whether to continue on standard input), `warn&#8217;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">print<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">warning <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">continue<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">ignore<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">do<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8bb553283917-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">not<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">perform <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">validation<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">The <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">default<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">ask<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Nel mio caso ignoro gli errori di validazione del certificato ssl\/tls (vedremo poi in seguito)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">smtp-auth&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              Sets the SMTP authentication method.  If set to `login&#8217;, or if unset and smtp-auth-user is set, AUTH LOGIN is used.  If set  to  `cram-&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              md5&#8242;, AUTH CRAM-MD5 is used; if set to `plain&#8217;, AUTH PLAIN is used.  Otherwise, no SMTP authentication is performed.<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-3\">3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">auth<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Sets <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">SMTP <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">authentication <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">method<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">If<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">set <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">login<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">or<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">unset <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">user <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">set<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">AUTH <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">LOGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">used<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">If<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">set\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">cram<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8c8127771682-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">md5<\/span><span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8216;, AUTH CRAM-MD5 is used; if set to `plain&#8217;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">AUTH <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">PLAIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">used<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Otherwise<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">no <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">SMTP <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">authentication <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">performed<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>L&#8217;autenticazione avviene tramite AUTH LOGIN passando poi username (generalmente l&#8217;indirizzo email @ gmail.com) e la password<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">      nss-config-dir&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              A directory that contains the files certN.db to retrieve certificates, keyN.db to retrieve private keys, and secmod.db, where N  is  a  digit.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              These  are  usually  taken  from  Mozilla installations, so an appropriate value might be `~\/.mozilla\/firefox\/default.clm&#8217;.  Mailx opens these&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              files read-only and does not modify them.  However, if the files are modified by Mozilla while mailx is running, it will print  a  `Bad  data\u00e2[m&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              base&#8217;  message.   It  may be necessary to create copies of these files that are exclusively used by mailx then.  Only applicable if S\/MIME and&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              SSL\/TLS support is built using Network Security Services (NSS).<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-6\">6<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">config<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">dir<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">A<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">directory <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">that <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">contains <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">files <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.db<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">retrieve <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certificates<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">keyN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.db<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">retrieve <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">private <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">keys<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">secmod<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.db<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">where<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">N<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">digit<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">These\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">are\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">usually\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">taken\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">from\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mozilla <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">installations<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">so <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">an <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">appropriate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">value <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">might <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">be<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">~<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.mozilla<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">firefox<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">default<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.clm<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">Mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">opens <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">these<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">files <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">read<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">only <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">does <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">not<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">modify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">them<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">However<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">files <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">are <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">modified <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">by <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mozilla <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">while<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">running<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">it <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">will <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">print<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">`<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Bad\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">data<\/span>\u00e2<span class=\"crayon-sy\">[<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">m<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">base<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">message<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">It\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">may <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">necessary <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">create <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">copies <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">these <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">files <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">that <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">are <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">exclusively <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">used <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">by <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">then<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Only <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">applicable <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">S<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">MIME <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8d2275646518-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">TLS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">support <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">built <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">using <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Network <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Security <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Services<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">NSS<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La directory dove andiamo a memorizzare i certificati (vedremo poi in seguito), nel mio caso ~\/certs<\/p>\n<p>Volendo mandare mail utilizzando starttls e la porta 587 (quindi\u00a0 primo collegamento in chiaro e poi si effettua la cifratura), il comando da dare \u00e8 molto simile a quello visto precedentemente<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8dc672635568\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">echo &#8220;Un caro saluto&#8221; | mailx -v -s &#8220;Ciao Gabriele&#8221; -S smtp-use-starttls -S smtp-auth=login -S smtp=smtp:\/\/smtp.gmail.com:587 -S from=&#8221;utente@gmail.com(Gabriele Merli &#8211; gmail)&#8221; -S smtp-auth-user=utente@gmail.com -S smtp-auth-password=lapassword -S ssl-verify=ignore -S nss-config-dir=~\/certs2\/ destination.mail@dominio.it<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8dc672635568-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8dc672635568-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-i\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Un caro saluto&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">|<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">v<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">s<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;Ciao Gabriele&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">use<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">starttls<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">auth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">login<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">S<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\">\/\/smtp.gmail.com:587 -S from=&#8221;utente@gmail.com(Gabriele Merli &#8211; gmail)&#8221; -S smtp-auth-user=utente@gmail.com -S smtp-auth-password=lapassword -S ssl-verify=ignore -S nss-config-dir=~\/certs2\/ destination.mail@dominio.it<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>In pi\u00f9 abbiamo messo l&#8217;opzione<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">smtp-use-starttls&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              Causes mailx to issue a STARTTLS command to make an SMTP session SSL\/TLS encrypted.  Not all servers support this command; because  of  common&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n              implementation defects, it cannot be automatically determined whether a server supports it or not<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-3\">3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">use<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">starttls<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Causes <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">mailx<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">issue<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">STARTTLS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">make<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">an <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">SMTP <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">session <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">TLS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">encrypted<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">Not<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">all <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">servers <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">support <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">this<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">because\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">common<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8e5784505629-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">implementation <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">defects<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">it <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">cannot <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">be <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">automatically <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">determined <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">whether<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">supports <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">it <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">or<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">not<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>che da il comando STARTTLS.<\/p>\n<p>Ho cambiato la porta di comunicazione(587) e il protocollo (da smtps a\u00a0 smtp)<\/p>\n<p>Se non si specifica una directory in cui sono contenuti i certificati\/chiavi nel formato nss (-S nss-config-dir=~\/certs\/) l&#8217;errore sar\u00e0<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">220 2.0.0 Ready to start TLS&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nMissing &#8220;nss-config-dir&#8221; variable.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8220;\/home\/merli\/dead.letter&#8221; 11\/354<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-3\">3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">220<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">2.0.0<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Ready <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">start <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">TLS<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-i\">Missing<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;nss-config-dir&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">variable<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8ee649364411-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;\/home\/merli\/dead.letter&#8221;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">11<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">354<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>e l&#8217;email non verr\u00e0 mandata.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Vediamo ora come crearsi una directory con i certificati che servono per inviare le mail con gmail.<\/p>\n<p>Vado a utilizzare\u00a0 il tool &#8220;certutil&#8221;<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# which certutil&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n\/bin\/certutil&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n]# rpm -qf \/bin\/certutil&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nnss-tools-3.19.1-3.el7_1.x86_64&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n]# yum info nss-tools&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nInstalled Packages&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nName        : nss-tools&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nArch        : x86_64&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nVersion     : 3.19.1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nRelease     : 3.el7_1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nSize        : 1.8 M&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nRepo        : installed&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nFrom repo   : updates&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nSummary     : Tools for the Network Security Services&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nURL         : http:\/\/www.mozilla.org\/projects\/security\/pki\/nss\/&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nLicense     : MPLv2.0&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nDescription : Network Security Services (NSS) is a set of libraries designed to&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : support cross-platform development of security-enabled client and&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : server applications. Applications built with NSS can support SSL&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : v2 and v3, TLS, PKCS #5, PKCS #7, PKCS #11, PKCS #12, S\/MIME,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : X.509 v3 certificates, and other security standards.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            :&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : Install the nss-tools package if you need command-line tools to&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n            : manipulate the NSS certificate and key database.<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-10\">10<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-11\">11<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-12\">12<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-13\">13<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-14\">14<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-15\">15<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-16\">16<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-17\">17<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-18\">18<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-19\">19<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-20\">20<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-21\">21<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-22\">22<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-23\">23<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-24\">24<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># which certutil<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">bin<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">certutil<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># rpm -qf \/bin\/certutil <\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">tools<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">3.19.1<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">3.el7_1.x86_64<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># yum info nss-tools<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Installed <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Packages<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Name<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">tools<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Arch<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">x86_64<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Version<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">3.19.1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Release<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">3.el7_1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-11\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Size<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-cn\">1.8<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">M<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-12\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Repo<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">installed<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-13\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">From <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">repo<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">updates<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-14\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Summary<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Tools <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">for<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Network <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Security <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Services<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-15\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">URL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">http<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">www<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.mozilla<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.org<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">projects<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">security<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">pki<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-16\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">License<\/span><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">MPLv2<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">0<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-17\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">Description<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Network <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Security <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Services<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">NSS<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">a<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">set <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">libraries <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">designed <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-18\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">support <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">cross<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">platform <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">development <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">of <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">security<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">enabled <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">client <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-19\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">applications<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Applications <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">built <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">with <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">NSS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">can <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">support <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-20\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">v2 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">v3<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">TLS<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">PKCS<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-c\">#5, PKCS #7, PKCS #11, PKCS #12, S\/MIME,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-21\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">X<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">509<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">v3 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certificates<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">other <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">security <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">standards<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-22\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-23\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Install <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">nss<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">tools <\/span><span class=\"crayon-t\">package<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">if<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">you <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">need <\/span><span class=\"crayon-r\">command<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">line <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">tools <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">to<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b8f6461142358-24\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">manipulate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">the <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">NSS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">and<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">key <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">database<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>La configurazione di base che possiamo fare \u00e8 estremamente semplice. Basta infatti creare una directory (nel mio caso ~\/certs)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b901801787638\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">utente@client ]# mkdir certs<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b901801787638-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b901801787638-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">utente<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">@<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">client<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># mkdir certs<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>e poi lanciare certutil per creare all&#8217;interno della directory i\u00a0 database con i certificati e le chiavi (non mettendo password)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b90f218595797\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">utente@client: ]# certutil -N -d certs\/<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b90f218595797-1\">1<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b90f218595797-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">utente<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">@<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">client<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -N -d certs\/<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>-N nuova<br \/>\n-d il nome della directory in cui creare il db<\/p>\n<p>All&#8217;interno di certs poi mi trover\u00f2 3 file .db (certX.db, keyX.db e secmod.db) che conterranno i vari certificati\/chiavi che posso importare.<\/p>\n<p>Visto che, quando mandiamo la mail via gmail e mailx, specifichiamo il parametro<\/p>\n<p>-S ssl-verify=ignore<\/p>\n<p>che di fatto ignora ogni possibile verifica del certificato, questo \u00e8 tutto quello che dobbiamo fare.<\/p>\n<p>In fase di invio ci sar\u00e0 un warning di questo tipo<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">Error in certificate: Peer&#8217;s certificate issuer is not recognized.&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nComparing DNS name: &#8220;smtp.gmail.com&#8221;<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894-2\">2<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Error <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">in<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">certificate<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-i\">Peer<\/span>&#8216;<span class=\"crayon-i\">s<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">issuer <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">is<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-st\">not<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">recognized<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b922863917894-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Comparing <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">DNS <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">name<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-s\">&#8220;smtp.gmail.com&#8221;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>ma la mail verr\u00e0 comunque inviata. Chiaramente se avessi scritto -S ssl-verify=strict questo sarebbe stato un errore che avrebbe fermato la procedura.<\/p>\n<p>Se si vuole evitare di crearsi una cartella (certs) con all&#8217;interno i vari database sostanzialmente vuoti, \u00e8 possibile riciclare quella che gi\u00e0 esiste sul sistema se si sta usando firefox.<br \/>\nAll&#8217;interno della cartella<\/p>\n<p>~\/.mozilla\/firefox\/XXXprofile_numberXXXX.default\/<\/p>\n<p>ci sono gli stessi identici 3 file di cui sopra (certX.db, keyX.db e secmod.db) che gi\u00e0 contengono tutti i certificati dei server che abbiamo accettato durante la navigazione in internet con firefox.<\/p>\n<p>Baster\u00e0 quindi specificare in mailx il parametro<\/p>\n<p>-S nss-config-dir=~\/.mozilla\/firefox\/XXXprofile_numberXXXX.default\/<\/p>\n<p>(dove XXXprofile_numberXXXX \u00e8 il nome della cartella contenente il nostro profilo).<\/p>\n<p>Nota che mi sembra di aver capito che i certificati delle CA sono hard-coded all&#8217;interno dell&#8217;eseguibile di firefox e i certificati che vengno aggiunti in questi file .db sono solo quelli accettati dall&#8217;utente.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Ora la parte interessante.\u00a0 Come posso far sparire il warning<br \/>\n&#8220;Error in certificate: Peer&#8217;s certificate issuer is not recognized.&#8221; e potenzialmente effetture la verifica &#8220;strict&#8221; del certificato di gmail?<\/p>\n<p>Presumo di aver gi\u00e0 creato la directory certs nella home e di aver dato il comando di certutil per creare i 3 file di database (sostanzialmente vuoti) al suo interno.<\/p>\n<p>Ora con il client openssl vado a interrogare smtp.gmail.com per vedere che certificati vengono utilizzati<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# openssl s_client -connect smtp.gmail.com:465&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nCONNECTED(00000003)&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\ndepth=3 C = US, O = Equifax, OU = Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nverify return:1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\ndepth=2 C = US, O = GeoTrust Inc., CN = GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nverify return:1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\ndepth=1 C = US, O = Google Inc, CN = Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nverify return:1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\ndepth=0 C = US, ST = California, L = Mountain View, O = Google Inc, CN = smtp.gmail.com&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nverify return:1&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nCertificate chain&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n 0 s:\/C=US\/ST=California\/L=Mountain View\/O=Google Inc\/CN=smtp.gmail.com&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n 1 s:\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=GeoTrust Inc.\/CN=GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n 2 s:\/C=US\/O=GeoTrust Inc.\/CN=GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=Equifax\/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nServer certificate&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nsubject=\/C=US\/ST=California\/L=Mountain View\/O=Google Inc\/CN=smtp.gmail.com&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nissuer=\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-10\">10<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-11\">11<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-12\">12<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-13\">13<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-14\">14<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-15\">15<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-16\">16<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-17\">17<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-18\">18<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-19\">19<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-20\">20<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-21\">21<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-22\">22<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-23\">23<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-24\">24<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-25\">25<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># openssl s_client -connect smtp.gmail.com:465<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">CONNECTED<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">00000003<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">depth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">3<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">Equifax<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">OU<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Equifax <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Secure <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">return<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">depth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">2<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">return<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">depth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">return<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">depth<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">0<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">ST<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">California<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">L<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Mountain <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">View<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">verify <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">return<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-11\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-12\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">chain<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-13\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">0<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">ST<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">California<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">L<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mountain <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">View<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-14\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-15\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-16\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-17\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">2<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-18\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Equifax<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">OU<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Equifax <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Secure <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Authority<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-19\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-20\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">certificate<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-21\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">BEGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-22\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-23\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">END<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-24\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">subject<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">ST<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">California<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">L<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mountain <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">View<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b92d700295643-25\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">issuer<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Tra le rige\u00a0 &#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211; e &#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211; mi trov\u00f2 il certificato del server. Questo \u00e8 firmato (Issuer) da &#8220;Google Internet Authority&#8221; il quale \u00e8 firmato da &#8220;GeoTrust Global&#8221; il quale \u00e8 firmato dalla root CA &#8220;Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&#8221;. Questi 3 certificati formano la chain che permette al client (conoscendo la CA) di essere sicuro di star parlando proprio con gmail.<\/p>\n<p>Dando lo stesso comando di cui sopra, ma specificando anche -showcerts potr\u00f2 vedere tutti e 3 i certificati della chain<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\">\n<p><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt;&#8212;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nCertificate chain&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt; 0 s:\/C=US\/ST=California\/L=Mountain View\/O=Google Inc\/CN=smtp.gmail.com&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt; 1 s:\/C=US\/O=Google Inc\/CN=Google Internet Authority G2&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=GeoTrust Inc.\/CN=GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt; 2 s:\/C=US\/O=GeoTrust Inc.\/CN=GeoTrust Global CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n   i:\/C=US\/O=Equifax\/OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;<\/textarea><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-8\">8<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-9\">9<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-10\">10<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-11\">11<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-12\">12<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-13\">13<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-14\">14<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-15\">15<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-16\">16<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-17\">17<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-18\">18<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-19\">19<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-20\">20<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-21\">21<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-22\">22<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># openssl s_client -showcerts -connect smtp.gmail.com:465<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">chain<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">0<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">ST<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">California<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">L<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Mountain <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">View<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">smtp<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.gmail<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">.com<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">BEGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-9\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-10\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">END<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-11\" class=\"crayon-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-12\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">1<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">G2<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-13\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-14\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">BEGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-15\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-16\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">END<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-17\" class=\"crayon-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-18\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-cn\">2<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">s<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Inc<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">.<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CN<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-19\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">i<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">:<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">US<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">O<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Equifax<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">OU<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">=<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Equifax <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Secure <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">Authority<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-20\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">BEGIN <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-21\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-v\">CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b937377578169-22\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">END<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">CERTIFICATE<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8212;<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ora prendo ciascuna riga compresa tra &#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211; e &#8212;&#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211; (comprese) e creo 3 file (chiamti come voglio, nel mio caso google, geotrust e equifax) contenenti i 3 certificati.<\/p>\n<p>Vado ora ad aggiungere al mio db i 3 certificati appena salvati<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# certutil -A -n &#8220;GeoTrust Global CA&#8221; -t &#8220;TC,,&#8221; -d certs -i geotrust&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n]# certutil -A -n &#8220;Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&#8221; -t &#8220;TCP,,&#8221; -d certs -i equifax&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n]# certutil -A -n &#8220;Google Internet Authority&#8221; -t &#8220;TC,,&#8221; -d certs -i google<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-3\">3<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -A -n &#8220;GeoTrust Global CA&#8221; -t &#8220;TC,,&#8221; -d certs -i geotrust<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -A -n &#8220;Equifax Secure Certificate Authority&#8221; -t &#8220;TCP,,&#8221; -d certs -i equifax <\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b945137440120-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -A -n &#8220;Google Internet Authority&#8221; -t &#8220;TC,,&#8221; -d certs -i google<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>-A aggiunge<br \/>\n-n \u00e8 il nickname del certificato che gli asssegno nel db (nel mio caso ho copiato il CN)<br \/>\n-t \u00e8 la tipologia di certificato (non ho pienamente compreso cosa sia)<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\"><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">           \u00b7   p &#8211; Valid peer&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   P &#8211; Trusted peer (implies p)&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   c &#8211; Valid CA&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   T &#8211; Trusted CA (implies c)&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   C &#8211; trusted CA for client authentication (ssl server only)&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n           \u00b7   u &#8211; user<\/textarea><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-6\">6<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">p<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Valid <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">peer<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">P<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Trusted <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">peer<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">implies<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">p<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">c<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Valid <\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">CA<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">T<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">Trusted <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">CA<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-i\">implies<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">c<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">C<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">trusted <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">CA <\/span><span class=\"crayon-st\">for<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-e\">client <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">authentication<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-sy\">(<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">ssl <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">server <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">only<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">)<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b94f710448604-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span>\u00b7<span class=\"crayon-h\">\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">u<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-o\">&#8211;<\/span> <span class=\"crayon-v\">user<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>-d certs la directory che contiene i file del database<br \/>\n-i nome_file il nome del file contenente il certificato<\/p>\n<p>Verifico di aver importato correttamente i 3 certificati dando il comando<\/p>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426\" class=\"crayon-syntax crayon-theme-classic crayon-font-liberation-mono crayon-os-pc print-yes notranslate\" data-settings=\" minimize scroll-mouseover\">\n<div class=\"crayon-toolbar\" data-settings=\" show\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-plain-wrap\">\n<p><textarea class=\"crayon-plain print-no\" readonly=\"readonly\" wrap=\"soft\" data-settings=\"dblclick\">]# certutil -L -d certs&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt;Certificate Nickname                                         Trust Attributes&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\n                                                             SSL,S\/MIME,JAR\/XPI&lt;\/p&gt;<br \/>\n&lt;p&gt;GeoTrust Global CA                                           CT,,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nGoogle Internet Authority                                    CT,,&lt;br \/&gt;<br \/>\nEquifax Secure Certificate Authority                         CT,,<\/textarea><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-main\">\n<table class=\"crayon-table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"crayon-row\">\n<td class=\"crayon-nums \" data-settings=\"show\">\n<div class=\"crayon-nums-content\">\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-1\">1<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-2\">2<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-3\">3<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-4\">4<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-5\">5<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-6\">6<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-7\">7<\/div>\n<div class=\"crayon-num crayon-striped-num\" data-line=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-8\">8<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"crayon-code\">\n<div class=\"crayon-pre\">\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-1\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-sy\">]<\/span><span class=\"crayon-c\"># certutil -L -d certs<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-2\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-3\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Nickname\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Trust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Attributes<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-4\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">SSL<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">S<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">MIME<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">JAR<\/span><span class=\"crayon-o\">\/<\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">XPI<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-5\" class=\"crayon-line\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-6\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">GeoTrust <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Global <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">CA\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CT<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-7\" class=\"crayon-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Google <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Internet <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CT<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<div id=\"crayon-592278399b958983788426-8\" class=\"crayon-line crayon-striped-line\"><span class=\"crayon-e\">Equifax <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Secure <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Certificate <\/span><span class=\"crayon-e\">Authority\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/span><span class=\"crayon-v\">CT<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><span class=\"crayon-sy\">,<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>per curiosit\u00e0 lo stesso comando lo puoi dare sulla directory di mozilla e verificare che i certificati che vedi sono gli stessi che trovi nelle Preferences\/Advanced\/Certificates\/View Certificates\/Servers<\/p>\n<p>Ora quindi nel mio db ho i 3 certificati della chain di gmail. Riprovo a dare il comando di mailx per inviare le mail e, effettivamente, il warning &#8220;Error in certificate: Peer&#8217;s certificate issuer is not recognized.&#8221; \u00e8 sparito.<\/p>\n<p>Purtroppo per\u00f2 ci\u00f2 non vuol dire che io possa mettere &#8220;-S ssl-verify=strict&#8221; in quanto, se lo faccio, la procedura si blocca comunque dando il messaggio:<br \/>\nComparing DNS name: &#8220;smtp.gmail.com&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Peraltro sto usando i certificati in modo improprio, prendendo per buoni quelli che mi fornisce gmail e non andando a verificare per davvero quello della CA che avrei dovuto scaricare da altre fonti.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"excerpt\">mailx, gmail e certificati \u2013 Gabriele Merli Interessante fonte di guide ed informazioni&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2017\/05\/22\/mailx-gmail-e-certificati-gabriele-merli\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[72],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2488","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-documentations"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6daft-E8","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":9307,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2022\/04\/27\/progressively-un-centoing\/","url_meta":{"origin":2488,"position":0},"title":"Progressively un-centoing","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2022-04-27","format":false,"excerpt":"I got slightly annoyed when Centos were terminated. In my efforts to Fedorize the server I use everyday to host the WordPress blog that records most of the work done on our Quality Managament System I encountered this annoying error Failed to download metadata for repo 'appstream': Cannot prepare internal\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Fedora - RedHat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Fedora - RedHat","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/fedora-redhat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2443,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2017\/05\/09\/building-a-ceph-cluster-on-raspberry-pi\/","url_meta":{"origin":2488,"position":1},"title":"Building a Ceph Cluster on Raspberry Pi","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2017-05-09","format":"link","excerpt":"Building a Ceph Cluster on Raspberry Pi - Bryan Apperson As the author clearly stated in a comment, this is more of a proof-of-concept for learning ceph, not for a real deploy as it's not meant to be cheaper per GB, but cheaper for initial cost: a \"3 figure cost\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Documentations&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Documentations","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/documentations\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":11612,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2024\/04\/20\/its-worth\/","url_meta":{"origin":2488,"position":2},"title":"It&#8217;s worth","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2024-04-20","format":false,"excerpt":"Xz may had had a huge trust-related security issue but its performance is still very desiderable: paolo@DietPi:~\/Scaricati$ wget --mirror it.aleteia.org paolo@DietPi:~\/Scaricati$ du -sch it.aleteia.org\/; time tar -acf ~\/archivio\/data\/Documenti\/it.aleteia.org.tar.xz it.aleteia.org\/; du -h ~\/archivio\/data\/Documenti\/it.aleteia.org.tar.xz<br>37G it.aleteia.org\/<br>37G totale real 614m8,594s<br>user 469m26,287s<br>sys 15m33,329s<br>1,6G \/home\/paolo\/archivio\/data\/Documenti\/it.aleteia.org.tar.xz This humble Raspberry Pi 3 may be aging and slow but\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mood&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mood","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/mood\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":10220,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2023\/02\/06\/firmware-debian-wiki\/","url_meta":{"origin":2488,"position":3},"title":"Firmware &#8211; Debian Wiki","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2023-02-06","format":false,"excerpt":"The Debian project has taken the decision in 2022-10 to create a new repository component non-free-firmware, and include its content on installation media for the upcoming Debian release bookworm to make things easier for our users. From Firmware - Debian Wiki So people like me that installed Debian several years\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Debian&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Debian","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/debian\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9912,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2022\/12\/14\/how-to-configure-wireless-wake-on-lan-for-linux-wifi-card\/","url_meta":{"origin":2488,"position":4},"title":"How to configure wireless wake-on-lan for Linux WiFi card","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2022-12-14","format":false,"excerpt":"How to configure wireless wake-on-lan for Linux WiFi card - nixCraft I have Network Attached Storage (NAS) server that backups all my devices. However, I am having a hard time with my Linux-powered laptop. I cannot back up my laptop\/computer when it is in suspended or sleep mode. How do\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Documentations&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Documentations","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/documentations\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2468,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2017\/05\/17\/katex-the-fastest-math-typesetting-library-for-the-web\/","url_meta":{"origin":2488,"position":5},"title":"KaTeX \u2013 The fastest math typesetting library for the web","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2017-05-17","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0KaTeX \u2013 The fastest math typesetting library for the web Type an expression: f(x) = \\int_{-\\infty}^\\infty<br \/> \\hat f(\\xi)\\,e^{2 \\pi i \\xi x}<br \/> \\,d\\xi See how it renders with KaTeX\\KaTeXKATEX: f(x)=\u222b\u2212\u221e\u221ef^(\u03be)e2\u03c0i\u03bexd\u03bef(x) = \\int_{-\\infty}^\\infty \\hat f(\\xi)\\,e^{2 \\pi i \\xi x} \\,d\\xif(x)=\u222b\u200b\u2212\u221e\u200b\u221e\u200b\u200b\u200bf\u200b^\u200b\u200b(\u03be)e\u200b2\u03c0i\u03bex\u200b\u200bd\u03be Simple API, no dependencies \u2013 yet super-fast on all\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Javascript&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Javascript","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/javascript\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2488","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2488"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2488\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2488"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2488"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2488"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}