{"id":4327,"date":"2018-05-17T20:10:15","date_gmt":"2018-05-17T18:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/?p=4327"},"modified":"2018-05-17T11:10:28","modified_gmt":"2018-05-17T09:10:28","slug":"top-10-javascript-errors-from-1000-projects-and-how-to-avoid-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2018\/05\/17\/top-10-javascript-errors-from-1000-projects-and-how-to-avoid-them\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 10 JavaScript errors from 1000+ projects (and how to avoid them)"},"content":{"rendered":"

From Top 10 JavaScript errors from 1000+ projects (and how to avoid them)<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Most of them are caught at compile time by strongly-typed languages. Who said Eiffel?<\/p>\n

Oh, how I want not to be so busy with other issues…. \ud83d\ude41<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

To give back to our community of developers, we looked at our database of thousands of projects and found the top 10 errors in JavaScript. We\u2019re going to show you what causes them and how to prevent them from happening. If you avoid these \u201cgotchas,\u201d it\u2019ll make you a better developer.<\/p>\n

Because data is king, we collected, analyzed, and ranked the top 10 JavaScript errors<\/strong><\/a>. Rollbar collects all the errors for each project and summarizes how many times each one occurred. We do this by grouping errors according to their fingerprints<\/strong><\/a>. Basically, we group two errors if the second one is just a repeat of the first. This gives users a nice overview instead of an overwhelming big dump like you\u2019d see in a log file.<\/p>\n

We focused on the errors most likely to affect you and your users. To do this, we ranked errors by the number of projects experiencing them across different companies. If we looked only at the total number of times each error occurred, then high-volume customers could overwhelm the data set with errors that are not relevant to most readers.<\/p>\n

Here are the top 10 JavaScript errors<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n
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Each error has been shortened for easier readability. Let\u2019s dive deeper into each one to determine what can cause it and how you can avoid creating it.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n

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1. Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read\u00a0property<\/h4>\n

If you\u2019re a JavaScript developer, you\u2019ve probably seen this error more than you care to admit. This one occurs in Chrome when you read a property or call a method on an undefined object. You can test this very easily in the Chrome Developer Console.<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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\"\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

This can occur for many reasons, but a common one is improper initialization of state while rendering the UI components. Let\u2019s look at an example of how this can occur in a real-world app. We\u2019ll pick React, but the same principles of improper initialization also apply to Angular, Vue or any other framework.<\/p>\n

class Quiz extends Component {\n  componentWillMount() {\n    axios.get('\/thedata').then(res => {\n      this.setState({items: res.data});\n    });\n  }<\/code><\/pre>\n
  render() {\n    return (\n      <ul>\n        {this.state.items.map(item =>\n          <li key={item.id}>{item.name}<\/li>\n        )}\n      <\/ul>\n    );\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
There are two important things realize here:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. A component\u2019s state (e.g. this.state<\/code>) begins life as undefined<\/code>.<\/li>\n
  2. When you fetch data asynchronously, the component will render at least once before the data is loaded\u200a\u2014\u200aregardless of whether it\u2019s fetched in the constructor, componentWillMount<\/code> or componentDidMount<\/code>. When Quiz first renders, this.state.items<\/code> is undefined. This, in turn, means ItemList<\/code> gets items as undefined, and you<\/em> get an error \u2013 “Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property \u2018map\u2019 of undefined” in the console.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    This is easy to fix. The simplest way: Initialize state with reasonable default values in the constructor.<\/p>\n
    class Quiz extends Component {\n  \/\/ Added this:\n  constructor(props) {\n    super(props);<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \/\/ Assign state itself, and a default value for items\n    this.state = {\n      items: []\n    };\n  }<\/code><\/pre>\n
      componentWillMount() {\n    axios.get('\/thedata').then(res => {\n      this.setState({items: res.data});\n    });\n  }<\/code><\/pre>\n
      render() {\n    return (\n      <ul>\n        {this.state.items.map(item =>\n          <li key={item.id}>{item.name}<\/li>\n        )}\n      <\/ul>\n    );\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    The exact code in your app might be different, but we hope we\u2019ve given you enough of a clue to either fix or avoid this problem in your app. If not, keep reading because we\u2019ll cover more examples for related errors below.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \n
    2. TypeError: \u2018undefined\u2019 is not an object (evaluating<\/h4>\n
    This is an error that occurs in Safari when you read a property or call a method on an undefined object. You can test this very easily in the Safari Developer Console. This is essentially the same as the above error for Chrome, but Safari uses a different error message.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n<\/div>\n
    \n
    \n
    3. TypeError: null is not an object (evaluating<\/h4>\n
    This is an error that occurs in Safari when you read a property or call a method on a null object. You can test this very easily in the Safari Developer Console.<\/p>\n
    Interestingly, in JavaScript, null and undefined are not the same, which is why we see two different error messages. Undefined is usually a variable that has not been assigned, while null means the value is blank. To verify they are not equal, try using the strict equality operator:<\/p>\n
    One way this error might occur in a real world example is if you try using a DOM element in your JavaScript before the element is loaded. That\u2019s because the DOM API returns null for object references that are blank.<\/p>\n
    Any JS code that executes and deals with DOM elements should execute after the DOM elements have been created. JS code is interpreted from top to down as laid out in the HTML. So, if there is a tag before the DOM elements, the JS code within script tag will execute as the browser parses the HTML page. You will get this error if the DOM elements have not been created before loading the script.<\/p>\n
    In this example, we can resolve the issue by adding an event listener that will notify us when the page is ready. Once the addEventListener<\/code> is fired, the init()<\/code>method can make use of the DOM elements.<\/p>\n
    <script>\n  function init() {\n    var myButton = document.getElementById("myButton");\n    var myTextfield = document.getElementById("myTextfield");\n    myButton.onclick = function() {\n      var userName = myTextfield.value;\n    }\n  }\n  document.addEventListener('readystatechange', function() {\n    if (document.readyState === "complete") {\n      init();\n    }\n  });\n<\/script><\/code><\/pre>\n
    <form>\n  <input type="text" id="myTextfield" placeholder="Type your name" \/>\n  <input type="button" id="myButton" value="Go" \/>\n<\/form><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
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    4. (unknown): Script\u00a0error<\/h4>\n
    The Script error occurs when an uncaught JavaScript error crosses domain boundaries in violation of the cross-origin policy. For example, if you host your JavaScript code on a CDN, any uncaught errors (errors that bubble up to the window.onerror handler, instead of being caught in try-catch) will get reported as simply \u201cScript error\u201d instead of containing useful information. This is a browser security measure intended to prevent passing data across domains that otherwise wouldn\u2019t be allowed to communicate.<\/p>\n
    To get the real error messages, do the following:<\/p>\n
    1. Send the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header
    \n<\/strong>Setting the Access-Control-Allow-Origin<\/code> header to * signifies that the resource can be accessed properly from any domain. You can replace * with your domain if necessary: for example, Access-Control-Allow-Origin: www.example.com<\/code>. However, handling multiple domains gets tricky, and may not be worth the effort if you\u2019re using a CDN due to caching issues that may arise. See more here<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n
    Here are some examples on how to set this header in various environments:<\/p>\n
    Apache
    \n<\/em><\/strong>In the folders where your JavaScript files will be served from, create an\u00a0.htaccess<\/code>file with the following contents:<\/p>\n
    Header add Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Nginx
    \n<\/em><\/strong>Add the add_header directive to the location block that serves your JavaScript files:<\/p>\n
    location ~ ^\/assets\/ {\n    add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    HAProxy
    \n<\/em><\/strong>Add the following to your asset backend where JavaScript files are served from:<\/p>\n
    rspadd Access-Control-Allow-Origin:\\ *<\/code><\/pre>\n
    2. Set crossorigin=\u201danonymous\u201d on the script tag
    \n<\/strong>In your HTML source, for each of the scripts that you\u2019ve set the Access-Control-Allow-Origin<\/code> header for, set crossorigin="anonymous"<\/code> on the SCRIPT tag. Make sure you verify that the header is being sent for the script file before adding the crossorigin<\/code> property on the script tag. In Firefox, if the crossorigin<\/code> attribute is present but the Access-Control-Allow-Origin<\/code> header is not, the script won\u2019t be executed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
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    5. TypeError: Object doesn\u2019t support\u00a0property<\/h4>\n
    This is an error that occurs in IE when you call an undefined method. You can test this in the IE Developer Console.<\/p>\n
    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
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    \"\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n
    This is equivalent to the error \u201cTypeError: \u2018undefined\u2019 is not a function\u201d in Chrome. Yes, different browsers can have different error messages for the same logical error.<\/p>\n
    This is a common problem for IE in web applications that employ JavaScript namespacing. When this is the case, the problem 99.9% of the time is IE\u2019s inability to bind methods within the current namespace to the this<\/code> keyword. For example, if you have the JS namespace Rollbar<\/code> with the method isAwesome.<\/code>Normally, if you are within the Rollbar<\/code> namespace you can invoke the isAwesome<\/code>method with the following syntax:<\/p>\n
    this.isAwesome();<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Chrome, Firefox and Opera will happily accept this syntax. IE, on the other hand, will not. Thus, the safest bet when using JS namespacing is to always prefix with the actual namespace.<\/p>\n
    Rollbar.isAwesome();<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
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    \n<\/div>\n
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    6. TypeError: \u2018undefined\u2019 is not a\u00a0function<\/h4>\n
    This is an error that occurs in Chrome when you call an undefined function. You can test this in the Chrome Developer Console and Mozilla Firefox Developer Console.<\/p>\n
    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
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    \"\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n
    As JavaScript coding techniques and design patterns have become increasingly sophisticated over the years, there\u2019s been a corresponding increase in the proliferation of self-referencing scopes within callbacks and closures, which are a fairly common source of this\/that confusion.<\/p>\n
    Consider this example code snippet:<\/p>\n
    function clearBoard(){\n  alert("Cleared");\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    document.addEventListener("click", function(){\n  this.clearBoard(); \/\/ what is \u201cthis\u201d ?\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n
    If you execute the above code and then click on the page, it results in the following error \u201cUncaught TypeError: this.clearBoard is not a function\u201d. The reason is that the anonymous function being executed is in the context of the document, whereas clearBoard<\/code> is defined on the window.<\/p>\n
    A traditional, old-browser-compliant solution is to simply save your reference to this<\/code> in a variable that can then be inherited by the closure. For example:<\/p>\n
    var self=this;  \/\/ save reference to 'this', while it's still this!\ndocument.addEventListener("click", function(){\n  self.clearBoard();\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Alternatively, in the newer browsers, you can use the bind()<\/code> method to pass the proper reference:<\/p>\n
    document.addEventListener("click",this.clearBoard.bind(this));<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
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    7. Uncaught RangeError: Maximum call\u00a0stack<\/h4>\n
    This is an error that occurs in Chrome under a couple of circumstances. One is when you call a recursive function that does not terminate. You can test this in the Chrome Developer Console.<\/p>\n
    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
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    \"\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n
    It may also happen if you pass a value to a function that is out of range. Many functions accept only a specific range of numbers for their input values. For example, Number.toExponential(digits)<\/code> and Number.toFixed(digits)<\/code> accept digits from 0 to 20, and Number.toPrecision(digits)<\/code> accepts digits from 1 to 21.<\/p>\n
    var a = new Array(4294967295);  \/\/OK\nvar b = new Array(-1); \/\/range error<\/code><\/pre>\n
    var num = 2.555555;\ndocument.writeln(num.toExponential(4));  \/\/OK\ndocument.writeln(num.toExponential(-2)); \/\/range error!<\/code><\/pre>\n
    num = 2.9999;\ndocument.writeln(num.toFixed(2));   \/\/OK\ndocument.writeln(num.toFixed(25));  \/\/range error!<\/code><\/pre>\n
    num = 2.3456;\ndocument.writeln(num.toPrecision(1));   \/\/OK\ndocument.writeln(num.toPrecision(22));  \/\/range error!<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
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    8. TypeError: Cannot read property\u00a0\u2018length\u2019<\/h4>\n
    This is an error that occurs in Chrome because of reading length property for an undefined variable. You can test this in the Chrome Developer Console.<\/p>\n
    \n
    <\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
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    \"\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n
    You normally find length defined on an array, but you might run into this error if the array is not initialized or if the variable name is hidden in another context. Let\u2019s understand this error with the following example.<\/p>\n
    var testArray= ["Test"];<\/code><\/pre>\n
    function testFunction(testArray) {\n    for (var i = 0; i < testArray.length; i++) {\n      console.log(testArray[i]);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
    testFunction();<\/code><\/pre>\n
    When you declare a function with parameters, these parameters become local ones. This means that even if you have variables with names testArray<\/code>, parameters with the same names within a function will still be treated as local.<\/strong><\/p>\n
    You have two ways to resolve your issue:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. Remove parameters in the function declaration statement (it turns out you want to access those variables that are declared outside of the function, so you don\u2019t need parameters for your function):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      var testArray = ["Test"];\n\n\/* Precondition: defined testArray outside of a function *\/\nfunction testFunction(\/* No params *\/) {\n   for (var i = 0; i < testArray.length; i++) {\n     console.log(testArray[i]);\n   }\n}\n\ntestFunction();<\/code><\/pre>\n
      2. Invoke the function passing it the array that we declared:<\/p>\n
      var testArray = ["Test"];\n\nfunction testFunction(testArray) {\n  for (var i = 0; i < testArray.length; i++) {\n     console.log(testArray[i]);\n   }\n}\n\ntestFunction(testArray);<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
      \n
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      \n<\/div>\n
      \n
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      9. Uncaught TypeError: Cannot set\u00a0property<\/h4>\n
      When we try to access an undefined variable it always returns undefined<\/code> and we cannot get or set any property of undefined<\/code>. In that case, an application will throw \u201cUncaught TypeError cannot set property of undefined.\u201d<\/p>\n
      For example, in the Chrome browser:<\/p>\n
      \n
      <\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
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      \n
      \n
      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n
      If the test<\/code> object does not exist, error will throw \u201cUncaught TypeError cannot set property of undefined.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n<\/div>\n
      \n
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      10. ReferenceError: event is not\u00a0defined<\/h4>\n
      This error is thrown when you try to access a variable that is undefined or is outside the current scope. You can test it very easily in Chrome browser.<\/p>\n
      \n
      <\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \n
      \"\"<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n
      If you\u2019re getting this error when using the event handling system, make sure you use the event object passed in as a parameter. Older browsers like IE offer a global variable event, and Chrome automatically attaches the event variable to the handler. Firefox will not automatically add it. Libraries like jQuery attempt to normalize this behavior. Nevertheless, it\u2019s best practice to use the one passed into your event handler function.<\/p>\n
      document.addEventListener("mousemove", function (event) {\n  console.log(event);\n})<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n
      \n
      \n
      \n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \n
      Conclusion<\/h4>\n
      It turns out a lot of these are null or undefined errors. A good static type checking system like Typescript<\/a> could help you avoid them if you use the strict compiler option. It can warn you if a type is expected but has not been defined. Even without Typescript, it helps to use guard clauses to check whether objects are undefined before using them.<\/p>\n
      We hope you learned something new and can avoid errors in the future, or that this guide helped you solve a head scratcher. Nevertheless, even with the best practices, unexpected errors do pop up in production. It\u2019s important to have visibility into errors that affect your users, and to have good tools to solve them quickly.<\/p>\n
      Rollbar gives you visibility to production JavaScript errors and gives you more context to solve them quickly. For example, it offers additional debugging features like telemetry<\/strong><\/a> which tells you what happened on the user\u2019s browser leading up to the error. That\u2019s insight you don\u2019t have outside of your local developer console. Learn more in Rollbar\u2019s full list of features for JavaScript applications<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      From Top 10 JavaScript errors from 1000+ projects (and how to avoid them) Most of them are caught at compile time by strongly-typed languages. Who said Eiffel? Oh, how I want not to be so busy with other issues…. \ud83d\ude41<\/p>\n
      Read more →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[34,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eiffel","category-javascript"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6daft-17N","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":297,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2015\/06\/12\/javascript-other-languages\/","url_meta":{"origin":4327,"position":0},"title":"JavaScript + Other Languages","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2015-06-12","format":"link","excerpt":"JavaScript+OtherLanguages Those slides JavaScript + Other Languages are really useful to implement an eventual Eiffel to JavaScript compiler. Well, actually it should be called transcompiler.... We could just feed the C files made by current Liberty compiler but it seems to me that passing throught C which is a procedural\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Eiffel"","block_context":{"text":"Eiffel","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/eiffel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":2055,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2017\/01\/06\/exiting-the-ivory-tower\/","url_meta":{"origin":4327,"position":1},"title":"Exiting the ivory tower","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2017-01-06","format":false,"excerpt":"From \"Web Development with Bootstrap 4 and Angular 2 - Second Edition\" In one moment of compilation, a TypeScript compiler can generate a declaration file which contains only signatures of the exported types. The resulting declaration file with the extension .d.ts along with a JavaScript library or module can be\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Eiffel"","block_context":{"text":"Eiffel","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/eiffel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9687,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2022\/10\/01\/spacevim-has-eiffel-support\/","url_meta":{"origin":4327,"position":2},"title":"SpaceVim has Eiffel support!","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2022-10-01","format":false,"excerpt":"SpaceVim, a community-driven vim distribution that seeks to provide layer feature, besides turning Vim into a nifty IDE for several languages (C\/C++, Rust, Kotlin, Go, Python, Java and JavaScript plus others), it offers among the available layers one for Eiffel! \u00a0","rel":"","context":"In "Eiffel"","block_context":{"text":"Eiffel","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/eiffel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4677,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2018\/10\/22\/conditional-javascript-for-experts-hacker-noon\/","url_meta":{"origin":4327,"position":3},"title":"Conditional JavaScript for Experts \u2013 Hacker Noon","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2018-10-22","format":false,"excerpt":"Mastery of conditional expressions for cleaner codes They say in Conditional JavaScript for Experts \u2013 Hacker Noon. What they are suggesting is to use side-effects of\u00a0 \"expression\", as Javascript does not separate commands and queries. Call me dogmatic but this behavior to look like a fundamental ingredient for disaster. In\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Eiffel"","block_context":{"text":"Eiffel","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/eiffel\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":9080,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2022\/01\/23\/javascript-insanity\/","url_meta":{"origin":4327,"position":4},"title":"Javascript insanity?","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2022-01-23","format":false,"excerpt":"On Facebook\u00a0they write I enjoy JavaScript but this is insanity Welcome to a language that has approximate math as the only math you can use. In fact 7110 \/ 100 * 100 is 7109.99999999 because the first division cannot be exactly represented with with a floating point representation. Sites like\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Fun"","block_context":{"text":"Fun","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/fun\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2022\/01\/javascript-insanity.webp?fit=520%2C372&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":9041,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2022\/01\/04\/is-the-macos-gui-development-scene-really-this-bad\/","url_meta":{"origin":4327,"position":5},"title":"Is the macOS GUI development scene really this bad?","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2022-01-04","format":false,"excerpt":"Paul WalkerFollow on last summer asked Is the macOS GUI development scene really this bad? That's a question I'm interested in because while I've been using exclusively Linux since 1997 I strive to write portable programs. Most people are still \"shackled\" into proprietary operative systems. He enlist Swift, JavaScript, C#,\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "Senza categoria"","block_context":{"text":"Senza categoria","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/senza-categoria\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4327","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4327"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4327\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4327"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4327"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4327"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}