{"id":6145,"date":"2019-10-03T20:38:47","date_gmt":"2019-10-03T18:38:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/?p=6145"},"modified":"2019-10-03T20:38:47","modified_gmt":"2019-10-03T18:38:47","slug":"tolkiens-middle-earth-mapped-to-europe-the-k2p-blog","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2019\/10\/03\/tolkiens-middle-earth-mapped-to-europe-the-k2p-blog\/","title":{"rendered":"Tolkien\u2019s Middle Earth mapped to Europe | The k2p blog"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Here he superimposes Middle Earth onto a Europe at a time when sea levels (in my estimation) were more than 100m lower than they are today.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Source: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/ktwop.com\/2014\/01\/09\/tolkiens-middle-earth-mapped-to-europe\/\">Tolkien\u2019s Middle Earth mapped to Europe | The k2p blog<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ktwop.com\/2014\/01\/09\/tolkiens-middle-earth-mapped-to-europe\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird.jpg?w=910&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><!--nextpage--><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h2>Tolkien\u2019s Middle Earth mapped to\u00a0Europe<\/h2>\n<div class=\"entry\">\n<p data-adtags-visited=\"true\">Some 45 years ago when I first read Tolkien, I recall making (or trying to make) a relief map of Middle Earth on cardboard with crumpled paper and glue and paint and plasticene for the relief features. I never had the patience to get it quite finsished and it was too large to survive my many moves as a student. But maps and cartography have fascinated ever since.<\/p>\n<p data-adtags-visited=\"true\">I have just come across this map of Middle Earth which \u2013 I think \u2013 is about 10 years old.<strong>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/epss.ucla.edu\/people\/faculty\/545\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Peter Bird<\/a><\/strong> is Professor Emeritus at the\u00a0Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences of UCLA and this map of Tolkien\u2019s Middle Earth is from <a href=\"http:\/\/peterbird.name\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>his personal page<\/strong><\/a>. Here he superimposes Middle Earth onto a Europe at a time when sea levels (in my estimation) were more than 100m lower than they are today. All very fanciful of course, but interesting and for me very nostalgic.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><a href=\"http:\/\/bigthink.com\/strange-maps\/121-where-on-earth-was-middle-earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>From Frank Jacobs at strange maps<\/strong><\/a>:<\/p>\n<p>But, as Tolkien states in the prologue to \u2018The Lord of the Rings\u2019, it would be fruitless to look for geographical correspondences, as \u201cThose days, the Third Age of Middle-earth, are now long past, and the shape of all lands has been changed\u2026\u201d And yet, that\u2019s exactly what Peter Bird attempts with the map here shown. Bird, a professor of\u00a0Geophysics and Geology\u00a0at UCLA, has overlapped the map of Middle-earth with one of Europe, which leads to following locations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>The Shire is in the South-West of\u00a0England, which further north is also home to the Old Forest (Yorkshire?), the Barrow Downs (north of England), the city of Bree (at or near Newcastle-upon-Tyne) and Amon Sul (Scottish Highlands).<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>The Grey Havens are situated in\u00a0Ireland.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Eriador corresponds with\u00a0Brittany.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Helm\u2019s Deep is near the Franco-German-Swiss border tripoint, close to the city of\u00a0Basel.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>The mountain chain of Ered Nimrais is the\u00a0Alps.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Gondor corresponds with the\u00a0northern Italian plains, extended towards the unsubmerged Adriatic Sea.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Mordor is situated in\u00a0Transylvania, with Mount Doom in\u00a0Romania (probably), Minas Morgul in\u00a0Hungary\u00a0(approximately) and\u00a0Minas Tirith\u00a0in Austria (sort of).<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Rohan is in\u00a0southern Germany, with Edoras at the foot of the Bavarian Alps. Also in Germany, but to the north, near present-day Hamburg, is Isengard. Close by is the forest of Fangorn.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>To the north is Mirkwood, further east are Rhovanion and the wastes of Rh\u00fbn, close to the\u00a0Ural mountains.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>The Sea of Rh\u00fbn corresponds to the\u00a0Black Sea.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Khand is\u00a0Turkey<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Haradwaith is the eastern part of\u00a0North Africa, Umbar corresponds with the Maghreb, the western part of North Africa.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>The Bay of Belfalas is the western part of the\u00a0Mediterranean.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div id=\"attachment_13706\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" data-shortcode=\"caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ktwop.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/01\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13706 \" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird-1.jpg?resize=450%2C450&#038;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2019\/10\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird-1.jpg 450w, https:\/\/ktwop.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/01\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird.jpg?w=898&amp;h=900 898w, https:\/\/ktwop.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/01\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird.jpg?w=150&amp;h=150 150w, https:\/\/ktwop.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/01\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird.jpg?w=300&amp;h=300 300w, https:\/\/ktwop.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/01\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird.jpg?w=768&amp;h=770 768w\" alt=\"Middle Earth by Peter Bird\" width=\"450\" height=\"450\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-13706\" data-attachment-id=\"13706\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/ktwop.com\/2014\/01\/09\/tolkiens-middle-earth-mapped-to-europe\/middle-earth\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/ktwop.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/01\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1013,1015\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Peter Bird&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Allowing for polar wander and sea level change, most sites are recognizable.  The southern Hithaeglir and northern Ephel Duath have sunk, unless perhaps they were only illusions that have been dispelled.&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Middle-Earth&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Middle-Earth\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Allowing for polar wander and sea level change, most sites are recognizable.  The southern Hithaeglir and northern Ephel Duath have sunk, unless perhaps they were only illusions that have been dispelled.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/ktwop.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/01\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird.jpg?w=300\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/ktwop.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/01\/middle-earth-by-peter-bird.jpg?w=450\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-13706\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Middle Earth by Peter Bird<br \/>\nAllowing for polar wander and sea level change, most sites are recognizable. The southern Hithaeglir and northern Ephel Duath have sunk, unless perhaps they were only illusions that have been dispelled.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"excerpt\">Here he superimposes Middle Earth onto a Europe at a time when sea levels (in my estimation) were more than 100m lower than they are today. Source: Tolkien\u2019s Middle Earth mapped to Europe | The k2p blog<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link-p\"><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2019\/10\/03\/tolkiens-middle-earth-mapped-to-europe-the-k2p-blog\/\">Read more &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[137],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-role-play-games"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6daft-1B7","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":13015,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2025\/04\/16\/disney-and-tolkien\/","url_meta":{"origin":6145,"position":0},"title":"Disney and Tolkien","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2025-04-16","format":false,"excerpt":"Why Tolkien hated Disney\u2026 theculturist on instagram.com That's a very interesting point of view!","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Ethics&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Ethics","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/ethics\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/theculturist__-20250330_215632-3057222291.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/theculturist__-20250330_215632-3057222291.webp?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/theculturist__-20250330_215632-3057222291.webp?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/theculturist__-20250330_215632-3057222291.webp?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/theculturist__-20250330_215632-3057222291.webp?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2025\/03\/theculturist__-20250330_215632-3057222291.webp?resize=1400%2C800&ssl=1 4x"},"classes":[]},{"id":7659,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2020\/10\/05\/literary-sources-of-dd\/","url_meta":{"origin":6145,"position":1},"title":"Literary Sources of D&#038;D","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2020-10-05","format":false,"excerpt":"Before this precious citations fade from the net I think it's my \"moral duty\" to copy them here as they originally where on the now offline http:\/\/www.geocities.com\/rgfdfaq\/sources.html salvaged by webcitations.org. I never realized how deep Poul Anderson influenced D&D. Literary Sources of D&D Compiled by Aardy R. DeVarque The D&D\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mood&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mood","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/mood\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":5737,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2019\/06\/15\/tekumel-not-for-me\/","url_meta":{"origin":6145,"position":2},"title":"T\u00e9kumel? Not for me","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2019-06-15","format":false,"excerpt":"Thank you BundleOFHolding for this T\u00e9kumel collection. Well, I read something about this Empire of the Petal Throne - Wikipedia and while everyone keep saying that it's author is \"a forgotten Tolkien\" I don't think so. He's not a Tolkien. Tolkien had something that Barker chose to discard and it\u2026","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Role Play Games&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Role Play Games","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/games\/role-play-games\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":6149,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2019\/10\/03\/deep-time-maps-maps-of-ancient-earth\/","url_meta":{"origin":6145,"position":3},"title":"Deep Time Maps\u2122 \u2013 maps of ancient Earth","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2019-10-03","format":"link","excerpt":": Deep Time Maps\u2122 \u2013 maps of ancient Earth","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Role Play Games&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Role Play Games","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/games\/role-play-games\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":7304,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2020\/06\/03\/ardalambion\/","url_meta":{"origin":6145,"position":4},"title":"Ardalambion","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2020-06-03","format":false,"excerpt":"Ardalambion of the Tongues of Arda, the invented world of J.R.R. Tolkien I think I shall mirror this as soon as possible","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Mood&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Mood","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/mood\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":4969,"url":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/2018\/12\/01\/shocking-maps-show-how-humans-have-reshaped-earth-since-1992\/","url_meta":{"origin":6145,"position":5},"title":"Shocking Maps Show How Humans Have Reshaped Earth Since 1992","author":"Paolo Redaelli","date":"2018-12-01","format":false,"excerpt":"Generated from satellite data, the maps track losses and gains of land used for agriculture, forests, urbanization, and more. Source: Shocking Maps Show How Humans Have Reshaped Earth Since 1992","rel":"","context":"In &quot;Senza categoria&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Senza categoria","link":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/category\/senza-categoria\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6145"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6145\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/monodes.com\/predaelli\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}